liftsiron
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Posted by T5K on CEM
For the MMA/Boxers/Fighters...Intersting studies for you to read!
Three very interesting articles suggesting head trauma affects normal endocrine responses.
Recent data suggest that anterior pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common. We sought to confirm the results of earlier studies in a larger cohort of patients with dynamic testing of pituitary function.We studied 102 consecutive TBI survivors (85 males; median age 28, range 15-65 yr) who had survived severe or moderate TBI (initial Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-13) at a median of 17 months (range 6-36) post event. GH and ACTH reserves were initially assessed using the glucagon stimulation test (GST). Normative data on GH and cortisol responses to the GST were obtained from 31 matched healthy controls. Patients with subnormal GH or cortisol responses were further evaluated, using the insulin tolerance test (ITT) or arginine + GHRH test for GH assessment and the ITT or 250-microg short synacthen test for the assessment of ACTH reserve. Patients were considered to be GH or ACTH deficient if they failed both the GST and the second provocative test. Baseline thyroid function, prolactin, IGF-I, gonadotropins, testosterone, or estradiol was performed in all patients and compared with local reference ranges.In controls, normal response to the GST was a stimulated GH peak of greater than 5 microg/liter and cortisol peak greater than 450 nmol/liter (16 microg/dl). Eighteen TBI patients (17.6%) had GH response to the GST less than 5 microg/liter, 11 of whom also failed the ITT or the arginine + GHRH tests. GH-deficient patients had significantly higher body mass index (P = 0.003), and lower IGF-I concentrations (P < 0.001), than GH-sufficient patients. Twenty-three patients (22.5%) had cortisol responses to GST less than 450 nmol/liter, 13 of whom also failed the ITT or short synacthen test. GH or ACTH deficiencies were not related to age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, or the presence of other pituitary hormone abnormalities (P > 0.05). Twelve patients (11.8%) had gonadotropin and one (1%) had thyrotrophin deficiencies. Twelve patients (11.8%) had hyperprolactinemia. Twenty-nine patients (28.4%) had at least one anterior pituitary hormone deficiency.This is the largest study, to date, of hypopituitarism after TBI and confirms a high prevalence of undiagnosed anterior pituitary hormone abnormalities in survivors of TBI. Hypopituitarism is a treatable cause of morbidity after TBI. In addition to conventional pituitary hormone replacement, the potential of GH treatment to enhance recovery needs to be examined in a prospective study.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been known as a cause of hypopituitarism, and it is characterized by a high prevalence of neuroendocrine abnormalities. Boxing, one of the most common combative sports, may also result in TBI. As far as we know, pituitary functions including GH status have not been investigated in boxers. Therefore, in this preliminary study, we have assessed the pituitary functions in boxers. Eleven actively competing or retired male boxers with a mean age of 38.0 +/- 3.6 yr and 7 age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy non-boxing controls were included in the study. Biochemical and basal hormonal parameters including IGF-I levels were measured. To assess GH secretory status in boxers and healthy controls, GHRH (1 microg/kg)+GHRP-6 (1 microg/kg) test was performed. After GHRH+GHRP-6 test, mean peak GH level in boxers and in controls were 10.9 +/- 1.7 and 41.4 +/- 6.7 microg/l, respectively (p < 0.05). Peak GH levels in 5 (45%) boxers were found to be lower than 10 microg/l and considered as severe GH deficient. In the control group, mean IGF-1 levels (367 +/- 18.8 ng/ml) were significantly higher than that obtained in boxers (237 +/- 23.3 ng/dl) (p < 0.01). All the other pituitary hormones were normal including ADH as no signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus. There was a significant negative correlation between peak GH levels and boxing duration, and between peak GH levels and number of bouts. In conclusion, we think that boxing is a cause of TBI, and GH deficiency is very common among boxers. Further studies including large number of boxers, both professional and amateur, are needed to clarify pituitary dysfunction in boxers.
OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury, which is a frequent and a worldwide important public health problem, may result in pituitary dysfunction. Concussion, a common type of lesion after traumatic brain injury, is an injury associated with sports including boxing and kickboxing. Kickboxing is one of the most popular martial arts and approximately 1-million people around the world participate in kickboxing sport. Head is the most common site of injury in amateur and professional kickboxers. Pituitary consequences of chronic repetitive head trauma in kickboxing have not been investigated until now. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the pituitary function in both retired and active amateur kickboxers. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Twenty-two amateur kickboxers who have boxed in national and international championships (16 men, 6 women) with a mean age of 27.3 +/- 7.1 years, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Basal hormone levels were obtained from the participants. To assess GH-IGF-I axis, GHRH + GHRP-6 test and glucagon stimulation tests were used. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis was assessed by glucagon stimulation test. RESULTS: When mean basal hormone levels were compared between kickboxers and the controls, IGF-I level was significantly lower in kickboxers (P < 0.05). Five (22.7%) and two (9.1%) of the 22 kickboxers had GH deficiency had ACTH deficiency, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between IGF-I levels and age, duration of sports and number of bouts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Present data clearly demonstrate for the first time that amateur kickboxing is a novel cause of hypopituitarism and kickboxers are at a risk for hypopituitarism especially isolated GH deficiency. Therefore, participants of the combative sports who were exposed to chronic repetitive head trauma need to be screened.
Hi Guys, more research showing that head injuries lead to hypogonadism. It's funny to see how the antidoping authorities will react to these studies...
As always, be safe and take care of yourself (especially when you take repeated hits to the head).
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recently recognized as a leading cause of pituitary dysfunction. Current data clearly demonstrated that sports related head trauma due to boxing, kickboxing, and soccer might results in pituitary hormone deficiencies, isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency in particular. In the present report physiologic dose GH replacement therapy (GHRT) was performed in two GH deficient retired amateur boxers for the first time. The boxers received recombinant GH for 6 months. After 6 months of GHRT there were substantial improvements, but not complete normalization, in the body composition parameters, lipid profiles and quality of life scores in both boxers. These preliminary results suggest that GHRT may have beneficial effects in retired boxers with severe isolated GH deficiency due to sports related head trauma. But more data with higher number of boxers and longer GHRT duration are warranted.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent health problem and increased prevalence of neurendocrine dysfunction in patients with TBI has been reported. Sports injuries and particularly boxing may result in pituitary dysfunction. However, transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after an acute head trauma due to boxing and/or kickboxing has not been defined yet. We describe the case of a 20-yr-old male amateur kickboxer who was admitted to hospital complaining of decreased libido and impotence 2 weeks after an intensive bout. Basal hormone levels were compatible with mild hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadotpopic hypogonadism. GH axis was evaluated by GHRH+GHRP-6 test and peak GH level was within normal reference range. Three months later his complaints improved and abnormalities in basal hormone levels normalized. He was also re-evaluated 9 months after the first evaluation; basal hormone levels were within normal ranges and he had no complaints. In conclusion acute head trauma due to kickboxing may cause transient gonadotropin deficiency. Therefore, screening the pituitary functions of sportsmen dealing with combative sports is crucial.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury, which is a frequent and a worldwide important public health problem, may result in pituitary dysfunction. Concussion, a common type of lesion after traumatic brain injury, is an injury associated with sports including boxing and kickboxing. Kickboxing is one of the most popular martial arts and approximately 1-million people around the world participate in kickboxing sport. Head is the most common site of injury in amateur and professional kickboxers. Pituitary consequences of chronic repetitive head trauma in kickboxing have not been investigated until now. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the pituitary function in both retired and active amateur kickboxers.
PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Twenty-two amateur kickboxers who have boxed in national and international championships (16 men, 6 women) with a mean age of 27.3 +/- 7.1 years, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Basal hormone levels were obtained from the participants. To assess GH-IGF-I axis, GHRH + GHRP-6 test and glucagon stimulation tests were used. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis was assessed by glucagon stimulation test.
RESULTS: When mean basal hormone levels were compared between kickboxers and the controls, IGF-I level was significantly lower in kickboxers (P < 0.05). Five (22.7%) and two (9.1%) of the 22 kickboxers had GH deficiency had ACTH deficiency, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between IGF-I levels and age, duration of sports and number of bouts (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Present data clearly demonstrate for the first time that amateur kickboxing is a novel cause of hypopituitarism and kickboxers are at a risk for hypopituitarism especially isolated GH deficiency. Therefore, participants of the combative sports who were exposed to chronic repetitive head trauma need to be screened.
For the MMA/Boxers/Fighters...Intersting studies for you to read!
Three very interesting articles suggesting head trauma affects normal endocrine responses.
Recent data suggest that anterior pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common. We sought to confirm the results of earlier studies in a larger cohort of patients with dynamic testing of pituitary function.We studied 102 consecutive TBI survivors (85 males; median age 28, range 15-65 yr) who had survived severe or moderate TBI (initial Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-13) at a median of 17 months (range 6-36) post event. GH and ACTH reserves were initially assessed using the glucagon stimulation test (GST). Normative data on GH and cortisol responses to the GST were obtained from 31 matched healthy controls. Patients with subnormal GH or cortisol responses were further evaluated, using the insulin tolerance test (ITT) or arginine + GHRH test for GH assessment and the ITT or 250-microg short synacthen test for the assessment of ACTH reserve. Patients were considered to be GH or ACTH deficient if they failed both the GST and the second provocative test. Baseline thyroid function, prolactin, IGF-I, gonadotropins, testosterone, or estradiol was performed in all patients and compared with local reference ranges.In controls, normal response to the GST was a stimulated GH peak of greater than 5 microg/liter and cortisol peak greater than 450 nmol/liter (16 microg/dl). Eighteen TBI patients (17.6%) had GH response to the GST less than 5 microg/liter, 11 of whom also failed the ITT or the arginine + GHRH tests. GH-deficient patients had significantly higher body mass index (P = 0.003), and lower IGF-I concentrations (P < 0.001), than GH-sufficient patients. Twenty-three patients (22.5%) had cortisol responses to GST less than 450 nmol/liter, 13 of whom also failed the ITT or short synacthen test. GH or ACTH deficiencies were not related to age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, or the presence of other pituitary hormone abnormalities (P > 0.05). Twelve patients (11.8%) had gonadotropin and one (1%) had thyrotrophin deficiencies. Twelve patients (11.8%) had hyperprolactinemia. Twenty-nine patients (28.4%) had at least one anterior pituitary hormone deficiency.This is the largest study, to date, of hypopituitarism after TBI and confirms a high prevalence of undiagnosed anterior pituitary hormone abnormalities in survivors of TBI. Hypopituitarism is a treatable cause of morbidity after TBI. In addition to conventional pituitary hormone replacement, the potential of GH treatment to enhance recovery needs to be examined in a prospective study.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been known as a cause of hypopituitarism, and it is characterized by a high prevalence of neuroendocrine abnormalities. Boxing, one of the most common combative sports, may also result in TBI. As far as we know, pituitary functions including GH status have not been investigated in boxers. Therefore, in this preliminary study, we have assessed the pituitary functions in boxers. Eleven actively competing or retired male boxers with a mean age of 38.0 +/- 3.6 yr and 7 age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy non-boxing controls were included in the study. Biochemical and basal hormonal parameters including IGF-I levels were measured. To assess GH secretory status in boxers and healthy controls, GHRH (1 microg/kg)+GHRP-6 (1 microg/kg) test was performed. After GHRH+GHRP-6 test, mean peak GH level in boxers and in controls were 10.9 +/- 1.7 and 41.4 +/- 6.7 microg/l, respectively (p < 0.05). Peak GH levels in 5 (45%) boxers were found to be lower than 10 microg/l and considered as severe GH deficient. In the control group, mean IGF-1 levels (367 +/- 18.8 ng/ml) were significantly higher than that obtained in boxers (237 +/- 23.3 ng/dl) (p < 0.01). All the other pituitary hormones were normal including ADH as no signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus. There was a significant negative correlation between peak GH levels and boxing duration, and between peak GH levels and number of bouts. In conclusion, we think that boxing is a cause of TBI, and GH deficiency is very common among boxers. Further studies including large number of boxers, both professional and amateur, are needed to clarify pituitary dysfunction in boxers.
OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury, which is a frequent and a worldwide important public health problem, may result in pituitary dysfunction. Concussion, a common type of lesion after traumatic brain injury, is an injury associated with sports including boxing and kickboxing. Kickboxing is one of the most popular martial arts and approximately 1-million people around the world participate in kickboxing sport. Head is the most common site of injury in amateur and professional kickboxers. Pituitary consequences of chronic repetitive head trauma in kickboxing have not been investigated until now. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the pituitary function in both retired and active amateur kickboxers. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Twenty-two amateur kickboxers who have boxed in national and international championships (16 men, 6 women) with a mean age of 27.3 +/- 7.1 years, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Basal hormone levels were obtained from the participants. To assess GH-IGF-I axis, GHRH + GHRP-6 test and glucagon stimulation tests were used. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis was assessed by glucagon stimulation test. RESULTS: When mean basal hormone levels were compared between kickboxers and the controls, IGF-I level was significantly lower in kickboxers (P < 0.05). Five (22.7%) and two (9.1%) of the 22 kickboxers had GH deficiency had ACTH deficiency, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between IGF-I levels and age, duration of sports and number of bouts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Present data clearly demonstrate for the first time that amateur kickboxing is a novel cause of hypopituitarism and kickboxers are at a risk for hypopituitarism especially isolated GH deficiency. Therefore, participants of the combative sports who were exposed to chronic repetitive head trauma need to be screened.
Hi Guys, more research showing that head injuries lead to hypogonadism. It's funny to see how the antidoping authorities will react to these studies...
As always, be safe and take care of yourself (especially when you take repeated hits to the head).
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recently recognized as a leading cause of pituitary dysfunction. Current data clearly demonstrated that sports related head trauma due to boxing, kickboxing, and soccer might results in pituitary hormone deficiencies, isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency in particular. In the present report physiologic dose GH replacement therapy (GHRT) was performed in two GH deficient retired amateur boxers for the first time. The boxers received recombinant GH for 6 months. After 6 months of GHRT there were substantial improvements, but not complete normalization, in the body composition parameters, lipid profiles and quality of life scores in both boxers. These preliminary results suggest that GHRT may have beneficial effects in retired boxers with severe isolated GH deficiency due to sports related head trauma. But more data with higher number of boxers and longer GHRT duration are warranted.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent health problem and increased prevalence of neurendocrine dysfunction in patients with TBI has been reported. Sports injuries and particularly boxing may result in pituitary dysfunction. However, transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after an acute head trauma due to boxing and/or kickboxing has not been defined yet. We describe the case of a 20-yr-old male amateur kickboxer who was admitted to hospital complaining of decreased libido and impotence 2 weeks after an intensive bout. Basal hormone levels were compatible with mild hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadotpopic hypogonadism. GH axis was evaluated by GHRH+GHRP-6 test and peak GH level was within normal reference range. Three months later his complaints improved and abnormalities in basal hormone levels normalized. He was also re-evaluated 9 months after the first evaluation; basal hormone levels were within normal ranges and he had no complaints. In conclusion acute head trauma due to kickboxing may cause transient gonadotropin deficiency. Therefore, screening the pituitary functions of sportsmen dealing with combative sports is crucial.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury, which is a frequent and a worldwide important public health problem, may result in pituitary dysfunction. Concussion, a common type of lesion after traumatic brain injury, is an injury associated with sports including boxing and kickboxing. Kickboxing is one of the most popular martial arts and approximately 1-million people around the world participate in kickboxing sport. Head is the most common site of injury in amateur and professional kickboxers. Pituitary consequences of chronic repetitive head trauma in kickboxing have not been investigated until now. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the pituitary function in both retired and active amateur kickboxers.
PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Twenty-two amateur kickboxers who have boxed in national and international championships (16 men, 6 women) with a mean age of 27.3 +/- 7.1 years, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Basal hormone levels were obtained from the participants. To assess GH-IGF-I axis, GHRH + GHRP-6 test and glucagon stimulation tests were used. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis was assessed by glucagon stimulation test.
RESULTS: When mean basal hormone levels were compared between kickboxers and the controls, IGF-I level was significantly lower in kickboxers (P < 0.05). Five (22.7%) and two (9.1%) of the 22 kickboxers had GH deficiency had ACTH deficiency, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between IGF-I levels and age, duration of sports and number of bouts (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Present data clearly demonstrate for the first time that amateur kickboxing is a novel cause of hypopituitarism and kickboxers are at a risk for hypopituitarism especially isolated GH deficiency. Therefore, participants of the combative sports who were exposed to chronic repetitive head trauma need to be screened.
For competition, I wrestle, do no-gi or gi jiu-jitsu competitions. Much better for my taste, technical and unless your opponents is a dick, you can go %100 and break a toe at the worst case scenario.
